MINH DUC Vu: Hydrological and hydraulic uncertainties in flood hazard mapping
Mentor: prof. dr. Mitja Brilly
Somentor: prof. dr. Roberto Ranzi (University of Brescia, Italy)
zagovor: september 2013

Abstract
Flood hazard map plays an important role in conveying flood risk information to decision makers as well as the general public for civil protection purposes and relief operations. In order to prevent or reduce human and economic losses, reliable and accurate information regarding to the risk associated with the flooding is undeniably necessary. As a consequence, the demand of higher quality flood hazard maps is growing. The area in the transboundary Vipava/Vipacco river basin across the Italian-Slovenian border has severely experienced flooding, especially the densely populated town Miren and the downstream village of Savogna d Isonzo. Based on some hydrological and hydraulic studies it is believed that the flooding problems of Vipava river is not only a result of its complicated flow conditions but it might also be influenced by backwater effect caused by the river Isonzo. This study aims to perform a set of flood hazard maps by 1D model (HEC-RAS) and by 2D model (FLO-2D) mainly for civil protection purposes and investigate some sources of hydrological and hydraulic uncertainty, including the backwater effect. The area of interest is one of 6 case studies of KULTURisk project (www.kulturisk.eu) funded by Seventh Framework Programme.

BOŽEK Katarzyna: Impact of floods on natural protected areas in the Sava river basin
Mentor: prof. dr. Mitja Brilly
zagovor: september 2013

Povzetek
Posledice poplav na naravnih zavarovanih območij niso dobro raziskane, še posebej pa v porečju reke Save. Ne vemo še, kakšni bodo učinki podnebnih sprememb poplav na naravne habitate mokrišč. V magistrski nalogi sem raziskovala vpliv hidrotehničnih ukrepov in podnebnih sprememb na pogostost poplav na dveh lokacijah, naravni park Lonjsko Polje in Obedska Bara. Analiza je bila izvedena z uporabo hidrološkega modela z avtomatsko kalibracijo in podatkov o napovedi podnebnih sprememb. Rezultati so pokazali povečanje poplavnih pretokov za nizke frekvence, kar bi lahko povzročilo daljše trajanje poplav na obravnavanih območjih. Na podlagi študije, Baptist in ost. (2006), to lahko poslabša vegetacijo na mokrišču Lonjsko Polje. Na območju Obedska Bara ne pričakujemo nobenih učinkov vpliva podnebnih sprememb poplav. Zaključek je, da bo obseg poplav naraščal, kar bi lahko negativno vplivala na varovana območja. Potrebujemo več študij, ki bi zagotovile boljše razumevanje problema in ustrezno upravljanja območij, vključno z zaščito pred poplavami in reševanjem okoljskih problemov.
Ključne besede: naravna zavarovana območja, zaščita pred poplavami, podnembne spremembe, hidrološko modeliranje, verjetnostne analize poplav

Abstract
The subject of impacts of floods on Natural Protected Areas is not very well studied, especially in the Sava River Basin, and the effects of long inundation on natural habitats of wetlands are not clearly recognized. In this thesis the impact of structural measures and climate change on flood frequency was investigated with regard to two sites, Lonjsko Polje Nature Park and Obedska Bara Nature Reserve. The analysis was performed using a hydrological model with automatic calibration and data transformed according to the climate predictions. The results showed an increase in flood peaks for low frequencies, what could cause a longer duration of inundation of the areas. Based on study developed by Baptist et al (2006) this might deteriorate the vegetation of the Lonjsko Polje wetland. In terms of the second area no effects of floods are recognized. The conclusion is that the magnitude of floods will increase, what could negatively affect the protected sites, however more studies need to be undertaken to provide better understanding of the problem and assure proper management of the areas including flood protection and environmental issues.
Key words: natural protected areas, flood protection, climate change, hydrological modelling, flood frequency

FAZARINC Rok: Matematično modeliranje drobirskega toka v Logu pod Mangartom
Mentor: izr.prof.dr. Matjažž Četina
Somentor: izr.prof.dr. Matjažž Mikošš
zagovor: julij 2002

Povzetek
Po tragičnem dogodku 17. novembra 2000, ko se je zemeljski plaz z območja Stož, ki je bil posledica dolgotrajnih intenzivnih padavin, preoblikoval v drobirski tok in povzročil smrt sedmih prebivalcev Loga pod Mangartom ter porušil šest hiš v Logu pod Mangartom, se je stroka pričela bolj intenzivno ukvarjati s problematiko drobirskih tokov. Raziskovanje drobirskih tokov v svetu se je pričelo po letu 1970. Tematika pokriva področja geologije, geomehanike, hidrologije, hidromehanike in klasične mehanike, zaradi elektrokemičnih vezi pa sega tudi na področje fizikalne kemije. V nalogi so predstavljena masna premikanja zemljin, med katera so razvrščeni tudi drobirski tokovi. V nadaljevanju so podane nekatere mehanske in dinamične značilnosti drobirskih tokov. Navedeni so pogoji, pri katerih taki tokovi nastanejo, opisana je značilna sestava drobirskih tokov in fizikalne lastnosti z nekaterimi posebnostmi, ki so posledica reoloških lastnosti drobirskih tokov. Predstavljeni so osnovni teoretični modeli, ki ponazarjajo gibanje drobirskih tokov in so osnova za določitev vpliva reoloških lastnosti pri njihovem matematičnem modeliranju. Sledi predstavitev uporabe dvodimenzijskega matematičnega modela PCFLOW 2D, ki je bil razvit na Univerzi v Ljubljani, na FGG, KMTe in s katerim je bilo analizirano območje Loga pod Mangartom. Izdelana je analiza občutljivosti matematičnega modela na tri reološke parametre: viskoznost, mejno strižno trdnost in disperzivnost. Prav tako je bila izdelana analiza vpliva gostote računske mreže in izbire vrste robnega pogoja. Z matematičnim modelom so bili nato določeni vplivi in optimizacija predlaganih ureditev. V zadnjem delu naloge so podane gradbene in negradbene metode in načini varovanja pred drobirskimi tokovi ter napotki za nadaljne delo pri raziskovanju drobirskih tokov.
Ključne besede: drobirski tok, matematični model, viskoznost, mejna strižna trdnost, disperzivnost, urejanje vodotokov, urejanje hudournikov, masna gibanja, območja tveganja
UDK:

Abstract
On November 17, 2000, a landslide from the area of Stože, which was the consequence of long-term intensive rainfall, transformed into a debris flow, caused the death of seven inhabitants and demolished six houses in the village of Log pod Mangartom. After this tragic event, different professionals in Slovenia started to get more involved with the problems of debris flows. On the contrary, the research of debris flows throughout the world started after 1970. This research field includes geology, geomechanics, hydrology, hydromechanics and classical mechanics, and, due to electrochemical bonds, it also reaches to the area of physical chemistry. The thesis deals with mass movements, among which belong also debris flows. In the sequence also some mechanical and dynamical properties of debris flows are presented. The thesis states the conditions under which such flows emerge, and the typical composition of debris flows. Physical properties with some special aspects, which are the consequence of rheological properties of debris flows, are described. The basic theoretic models, representing the movement of debris flows, which are the base for defining the influence of rheological properties at their mathematical modelling, are also dealt with. Next follows the presentation of the use of the two-dimensional mathematical model PCFLOW 2D, developed at the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, Chair for Fluid Mechanics. This model was used to analyse the area of Log pod Mangartom. A sensitivity analysis of the mathematical model was elaborated, taking into account three rheological parameters: viscosity, yield strength and dispersivity. Also, the analysis of the influence of the computational network density and the definition of the boundary condition was elaborated. With the help of the mathematical model, the influences and the optimisation of the proposed river regulation works were defined. In the last part, the thesis suggests the structural and non-structural measures and methods of protection against debris flows, as well as the directions for further work at the research of debris flows.
Key words: debris flows, mathematical models, viscosity, shear strength, dispersivity, river engineering, torrent control, mass movements, hazard zones
UDC:

SPAZZAPAN Mojca: Sistem za merjenje in analizo gibanja prodnikov
Mentor: doc.dr. Aneta Stafanovska
Somentor: izr.prof.dr. Matjažž Mikošš
zagovor: oktober 2001

Povzetek
Razvili in preiskusili smo merilni instrument za merjenje pospeškov. Pri meritvi ni povezan z zunanjo opremo. Izmerjene pospšeške shranjuje v notranji statični pomnilnik z naključnim dostopom. Instrument je okrogle oblike in je hermetično zaprt. Lahko ga odpremo, da zamenjamo baterijo ali ga povežemo z osebnim računalnikom po merjenju, ko meritev s serijskim prenosom prenesemo na osebni računalnik. Naredili smo več testnih meritev in dva niza meritev pri kontroliranih hidravličnih pogojih. Meritve analiziramo s programsko opremo na osebnem računalniku. Razvili smo sistem za avtomatsko razpoznavanje trkov v signalih pospeška s programskim paketom Matlab v5.3, Mathworks. S statistično analizo avtomatsko določenih trkov pri kontroliranih hidravličnih pogojih smo ugotovili, da obstaja najboljša linearna korelacija med povprečno silo trkov in brezdimenzijsko strižno napetostjo vodnega pretoka. Odvisnost med silo, ki nastopi pri trku, in časom med tem trkom in naslednjim, pokaže, da bo pri velikih silah čas do naslednjega trka verjetno večji. Z analizo enega signala meritev pospeškov pri kontroliranih hidravličnih pogojih smo izluščili parametre, ki predstavljajo značilnosti trkov in prikazali njihovo spreminjanje v času signala. Prikazali smo tudi zaporedje trkov na obodu krogle.
Ključne besede: merilna tehnika, laboratorijski poskusi, hidrotehnika, transport sedimentov, elektronski instrument, piezoelektrični merilnik pospeška, A/D pretvornik, mikrokrmilnik, statični pomnilnik z naključnim dostopom
UDK:

Abstract
We have developed and tested an istrument for acceleration measurements. In the phase of measurement it is not atached to any external equipment. The measured accelerations are stored internally in a static random access memory. The instrument has a spheric shape and is hermetically closed. It can be opened to change a battery or to connect to a personal computer via serial communication. Namely, in the phase of download the internally stored measurement  is transfered to a PC. We have performed various test measurements and two sets of measurements in controlled hydraulic conditions. The measured and downloaded data is analysed on a PC. We have developed a system for an automatic recognition of impacts in the acceleration signals with a commercial software package Matlab v5.3, Mathworks. Statistical analyses of the impacts in controlled hydraulic conditions revealed that the best linear corelation exists between the force of impacts and non-dimensional shear stress of the water flow. The depedancy between the force of impact and the time lag until the next impact shows that greater force means probably greater time lag until the next impact. By analysis of one measurement of accelerations in the controlled hydraulic conditions the parameters that represent the properties of impacts were shown in the time of the sygnal. We have shown also the impacts presented on the surface of the sphere.
Key words: measuring techniques, laboratory experiments, hydraulic engineering, sediment transport, electronic instrument, piezoelectric accelerometer, A/D converter, microcontroller, static random access memory
UDC:

ŠŠRAJ Mojca : Uporaba ššifranta padavinskih območij vodotokov RS za pripravo hidroloških modelov
Mentor: prof.dr. Mitja Brilly
Somentor: izr.prof.dr. Matjažž Mikošš
zagovor: september 2000

Povzetek
Pri planiranju in gospodarjenju z vodnim bogastvom potrebujemo enostaven, informativen in razumljiv sistem ššifriranja vodotokov in njihovih padavinskih območij. V nalogi so analizirani različni sistemi ššifriranja evropskih držžav s poudarkom na razvoju sistema ššifriranja za Slovenijo. Ššifrant padavinskih območij Slovenije in njegova uporabnost sta podrobneje predstavljena. Prikazana je tudi uporaba ššifranta padavinskih območij za hidrolšoško modeliranje oziroma avtomatsko izdelavo vhodne strukture hidrološških modelov. Kot primer je narejen in umerjen hidrološški model Soče.
Ključne besede: hidrologija, padavinsko območje, šifrant, modeliranje
UDK: 556.51(497.4)(043.3)

Abstract
Proper water resources planning and management requires a simple, yet descriptive and comprehensive coding system for rivers and their watersheds. Different coding in Europe are discussed in this work, with an emphasis on a coding system developed for Slovenia. Coding system for Slovenia and its applicability are represented in greater detail. Applicability of watershed coding system for hydrological modeling is represented also. Hydrological model of the river Soča is made and moderate as an example.
Key words: hydrology, watershed, coding system, modeling
UDC: 556.51(497.4)(043.3)

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