PILTAVER Jaka: Metodologija določanja poplavnih območij v skladu z evropsko direktivo
Mentor: prof. dr. Mitja Brilly
zagovor: junij 2016

Povzetek
Poplave so najpogostejše naravne katastrofe v Evropi. Zaradi klimatskih sprememb je pričakovati, da bodo poplave v bodoče še pogostejše in silovitejše. V zadnjih desetletjih je bilo ugotovljeno, da poplave povzročajo večjo škodo, kljub temu, da je bilo ogromno sredstev namenjenih protipoplavni zaščiti, vzroke za to gre iskati v družbeno-ekonomskem razvoju in neprimernem prostorskem načrtovanju. Evropska Unija je 23. oktobra 2007 sprejela Direktivo Evropskega parlamenta in Evropskega sveta o oceni in obvladovanju poplavne ogroženosti, imenovan kar Poplavna direktiva (Direktiva o oceni in obvladovanju poplavne ogroženosti, 60/2007/ES). Temeljni cilj te direktive je zmanjševanje škodljivih posledic poplav, s pomočjo enotno izdelanih poplavnih kart, kart poplavne nevarnosti in kart poplavne ogroženosti. V seminarski nalogi je v predstavljena metodologija določanja poplavnih območij in izdelava kart poplavne nevarnosti ter kart poplavne ogroženosti v skladu s pravili in smernicami, ki jih določa Direktiva 60/2007/ES. Na primeru dobrih praks iz tujine je predstavljenih nekaj poglobljenih metodologij določanja poplavne nevarnosti ter škodnega potenciala.
Ključne besede: poplave, poplavne karte, karte poplavne nevarnosti, karte poplavne ogroženosti, ranljivost, škodni potencial

Abstract
Floods are most frequent natural disasters in Europe. It is expected that the number of floods and flood damage will further increase due to climate changes. Finding show that in the last decade floods caused larger damage although a lot of assets were given to flood protection. This was most probably caused by the socio-economic development and inappropriate spatial planning.
On October 23th 2007 Union Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on the assessment and management of flood risks often referred to as the 'Floods' Directive, came into force. The purpose of this Directive is to establish a framework for the assessment and management of flood risks, aiming at the reduction of the adverse consequences. Methodology of flood risk assessment areas and production of flood hazard and flood risk maps in accordance with Floods Directive is presented in seminar theme.
On a case study basis of good practices from abroad some methodologies of assessment of flood hazard and damage potential is further presented.
Key words: floods, flood maps, flood hazard maps, flood risk maps, vulnerability, damage potential

BLAŽIČ Aleš: Ribji prehodi
Mentor: prof. dr. Matjaž Mikoš
zagovor: junij 2016

Povzetek
Zaradi naraščujočega števila jezovnih zgradb in pregrad, zgrajenih za pridobivanje energije, reguliranje pretoka, oskrbo s pitno vodo in namakanje, je veliko evropskih rek postalo neprehodnih za ribje vrste, ki v različnih fazah življenjskega cikla migrirajo gorvodno in/ali dolvodno. Veliko migracij je ključnih za obstanek vrste, saj so tesno povezane z reprodukcijo. Ribji prehodi omilijo negativen vpliv, ki ga povzročajo vodne zgradbe. Nudijo pomoč ribam pri premagovanju vodnih ovir, še vedno pa občutno vplivajo na spremenjene vodne razmere gorvodno, do koder seže vpliv zajezitve. Seminar opisuje ribje vrste in njihove potrebe glede vodnega okolja, ter spremembe, ki jih povzročajo vodne zgradbe. Navedene so vrste ribjih prehodov, ki so najpogosteje uporabljene v Evropi, opisan je princip delovanja, osnove dimenzioniranja in splošna ocena prednosti in slabosti določene vrste prehoda.
Ključne besede: ribji prehodi, vodne zgradbe, drst, migracije, prehodnost vodnih organizmov, neprekinjenost vodnih poti

Abstract
Due to increasing number of weirs and dams, built for power generation, flow regulation, water supply and irrigation, many European rivers had become impassable for fish species, that need to migrate upstream and/or downstream in various stages of their life cycle. Many of these migrations are crutial for the survival of the species, since they are closely related to reproduction. Fish passes limit the damage that these barriers constitute. They offer help for fish to overcome the barrier, but still they reasonably alternate the water course upstream, where the impounded area has its effects. The coursework describes the fish species and their needs in terms of aquatic environment and the effects caused by hydraulic structures. Types of commonly used fish passes in Europe are enlisted, the description of principles of functioning, fundamentals of design and overall assessment of strengths and weaknesses of various types of passes.
Key words: fish passes, hydraulic structures, spawning, migration, free passage, longitudinal connectivity

MUZICA Maja: Računanje stabilnosti različnih vrst hudourniških pregrad
Mentor: doc. dr. Andrej Kryžanowski
zagovor: junij 2016

Povzetek
Osnovni namen seminarske naloge je bil pregled dosegljive literature s področja načrtovanja in preverjanja stabilnosti hudourniških pregrad ter s tem razširitev znanja, pridobljenega tekom študija. Osnovo za delo sta predstavljala Inženirski priročnik za reševanje problemov s področja hudourništva iz leta 1975 (v srbohrvaščini) in novejša knjiga o geotehniki pregrad (v angleškem jeziku). V seminarju smo obdelali dva najpogostejša tip hudourniških pregrad: težnostne in ločne s poudarkom na prodnih hudourniških armiranobetonskih pregradah, navedli nekaj najpogostejših metod za določanje njihovih dimenzij in bolj podrobno obdelali kritične kontrole za preverjanje stabilnosti takšnih objektov (prevrnitev pregrade, napetosti v temeljnih tleh in nosilnost, preverjanje napetosti v telesu pregrade, poseben poudarek je bil na varnosti proti zdrsu, ki je običajno kritičen pri težnostnih pregradah). Ker se v praksi za načrtovanje malih pregradnih objektov uporabljajo postopki za podporne konstrukcije, smo v seminarju izvedli primerjavo med kontrolami stabilnosti, predpisanimi z geotehničnim standardom Eurocode 7 za podporne konstrukcije in postopki, ki se uporabljajo pri načrtovanju velikih (zadrževalnih) pregrad. Poudariti velja, da za načrtovanje pregradnih objektov ne obstaja splošen standard, podane so le smernice za projektiranje takšnih objektov. V osnovi so postopki v EC-7 in hidrotehnični praksi podobni (fizikalno ozadje je seveda enako), razlikuje se predvsem pri faktoriranju (Eurocode uporablja koncept parcialnih varnostnih faktorjev, medtem ko se v hidrotehnični praksi uporablja koncept globalne varnosti).
Ključne besede: Hudourniške pregrade, ločne pregrade, prodne pregrade, težnostne pregrade, stabilnost, zdrs, prevrnitev, napetosti

Abstract
The main objective of this seminar was to expand the knowledge gained during regular university courses by review of available literature for the design and stability control of check dams. Engineering manual for solving problems in the field of torrent and erosion control (published in year 1975 in Serbo-croatian language) and newer book on geotechnical engineering of dams (in English language) formed a base for the work. Two most common types of check dams were examined in the seminar: gravity and arch dams with a special accent on the sediment retention dams made of reinforced concrete. Also some most common methods for deriving dimensions of such dams are listed, followed by detailed review of critical stability controls (rotation of the dam as a rigid body, stress in foundation medium and its bearing capacity, checking stress state of a dam body, a special attention was paid to the safety against lateral translation of the dam due to exhausted shear strength at the contact of dam / foundation medium or inside foundation medium). Since controls for geotechnical retention structures are commonly used in the design of check dams, a comparison of stability controls between geotechnical standard Eurocode 7 and controls required for high dams was made. It should be stressed at this point that an appropriate standard for dam design does not exist and only guidelines from different sources can be obtained. Basically are controls given in EC-7 and in hydro engineering praxis similar (they have same background in terms of physics), the major difference found was application of safety factors: Eurocode utilizes a concept of a partial safety factors applied to the loads and resistances, while in hydro engineering the global safety factor concept is broadly used.
Key words: Check dams, arch dams, sediment retention dams, gravity dams, stability, slide, lateral translation, rotation of a rigid body, stresses

GREGORIČ Elio: Razsoljevanje
Mentor: prof. dr. Mitja Brilly
zagovor: junij 2016

Povzetek
Zaradi večanja svetovne populacije in razvoja se potrebe po pitni vodi večajo. Ker so viri sladke vode omejeni ali že močno izkoriščeni, je ponekod potrebno zagotoviti pitno vodo iz drugih virov. V seminarju so predstavljene metode za pridobivanje pitne vode iz morja ali brakičnih voda s tehnologijami razsoljevanja. Na začetku so opredeljene vrste vode, kemične in fizikalne lastnosti standardne morske vode. Sledi predstavitev tehnologij, najprej so predstavljene termične tehnologije kot večfazna ravnotežna destilacija (MSF), s katero je na svetu pridelane največ vode, nato večstopenjska destilacija (MED) in kompresija pare (VC). Za izbrane naprave so podani tudi podatki o njihovi učinkovitosti in proizvodnih kapacitetah. Večji del seminarja je namenjen membranskim tehnologijam, pretežno povratni osmozi, principu delovanja, možnim materialom in tehnologijam izdelave membran. Tudi za reverzno osmozo so prikazani primeri naprav in izračuni ekonomske učinkovitosti. Da bi sledili sodobnim tehnologijam, so v seminar vključene tudi možne kombinacije tehnologij razsoljevanja z obnovljivimi viri energije. Sončno energijo je mogoče izkoristiti v obliki direktnega sevanja v membranski destilaciji ali za poganjanje povratne osmoze preko fotovoltaičnih modulov. Možna je tudi uporaba vetrne elektrarne ali energije, pridobljene iz morja, iz valovanja ali plimovanja, za direktno delo ali poganjanje reverzne osmoze preko proizvedene električne energije. V zaključku je prikazana hitra rast novih tehnologij in projekcija rasti za prihodnja desetletja. 
Ključne besede: Razsoljevanje, Reverzna osmoza, MSF, MED, MVC, Solarna destilacija

Abstract
Population growth demands constant increase in drinkable water production, alot of developing countries has a deficiency in fresh water so they have to tap in alternative water sources. This paper presents is an overview of desalinating technologies that provide the possibility to produce fresh water from sea or brackish water. First chapter is dedicated to water classification according to chemical composition and solids content. The overview starts with thermal technologies, Multi-Stage Flash Units (MSF), Multiple-Effect Distillation (MED) and Mechanical Vapour Compression (MVC). The growth of production for each technology with a list of selected plants and their production capacity are presented. A substantial part is dedicated to membrane technologies, mainly to reverse osmosis. Membrane materials and types are described for all membrane technologies as Microfiltration, Nanofiltration, Ultrafiltration and Reverse osmosis. An economical comparison of the systems is also included. Last section of the paper presents novel processes which use renewable energies for fresh water production. From the solar still evaporators, to more complex systems to harness energy from the sun, wind, tides, waves to produce electricity to run reverse osmosis. The conclusion shows the incredible growth of desalination plants all over the world and the current trend predicts even steeper growth.
Key words: Desalination, Reverse osmosis, MSF, MED, MVC, Solar distillation

CILENŠEK Jernej: Zaščita pred vodnimi ujmami – mobilna protipoplavna zaščita
Mentor: prof. dr. Mitja Brilly
zagovor: junij 2016

Povzetek
Vodne ujme so del naravnih katastrof, ki vsako leto prizadenejo veliko število ljudi in s tem povezanih okoljskih dejavnikov, ki so nujno potrebni za življenje. Da je škoda čim manjša, je potrebno te pojave kolikor se da natančno predvideti in se na njih ustrezno pripraviti (protipoplavni ukrepi, visokovodni nasipi, hidravlični objekti itd.). Seveda pa ti protipoplavni ukrepi povsod niso mogoči, poleg tega nas lahko vodna ujma tudi na hitro preseneti. Zato je potrebno, za varovanje naših dobrin, poiskati tudi druge protipoplavne ukrepe, tako imenovane začasne oziroma mobilne protipoplavne objekte. V nadaljevanju seminarske naloge vam bom predstavil nekaj različnih tipov mobilnih protipoplavnih zaščit. Kriterijev za ustreznost mobilne protipoplavne zaščite je več. Najpomembnejši je vsekakor čas postavitve. V primeru, da nas vodna ujma preseneti, je vsekakor potrebno, da čim hitreje postavimo protipoplavni objekt in s tem zmanjšamo škodo, ki bi drugače nastala. Drugi najpomembnejši kriterij je število potrebnih ljudi za postavitev. Vsi vemo, da je število dosegljivih ljudi, za postavljanje zaščite, omejeno. Pri reševanju večjih površin priskočijo na pomoč predvsem gasilci, medtem ko pri individualni gradnji lahko takšen objekt postavijo predvsem družinski člani ogrožene površine. Torej delovne sile ni vedno na voljo v neomejenih količinah.
Ključne besede: nasipi, visokovodni nasipi, vodna ujma, poplava, mobilna protipoplavna zaščita, začasna poplavna zaščita

Abstract
Floods are just a part of natural disasters, which happen every year and they hurt a lot of people and do a lot of damage to our nature. To prevent the damage they cause we need to predict them as fast and precisely as possible and we need to prepare to them as good as possible (flood barriers, flood mound). The biggest problem is, that the flood can come very fast, and we do not have time to prepare for it. If that happens we all need to have some other solutions. In that case we can search for mobile flood protections. In my seminar I will represent you some different types of mobile flood protections. There are more criteria of choosing the right mobile flood protection. The most important is definitely the time layout. When the flood comes we need to react and built flood protection as fast as possible to prevent the damage. The second one is workforce or how many people we need to build the flood protection. In most cases we can rely on firemen but they do not come in unlimited forces. So we have to choose a system that requires less people to build it. The third one are the costs. In that cases, cost should not be criteria, but unfortunately they are. In cost we have to count purchase price, costs of installation, storage, durability – amortization.
Key words: flood, flood damage, flood waters, mobile flood protection, temporary flood protection

ŽIBERT Tomaž: Preučevanja globalnega segrevanja in kritičnost do uradno sprejetih stališč
Mentor: prof. dr. Mitja Brilly
Somentor: doc. dr. Mojca Šraj
zagovor: maj 2016

Povzetek
Temperatura ozračja in površja sta se spreminjali skozi celotno zgodovino, v zadnjih letih in desetletjih pa se po podatkih Združenih narodov človeštvo sooča z nepredvidljivimi posledicami globalnega segrevanja. Seminarska naloga se osredotoča na temperaturne spremembe na Zemlji, zgodovino preučevanja raziskovanja in meritev sprememb ter na razlike med argumenti uradno sprejetega modela IPCC Združenih narodov in argumenti znanstvenikov, ki modelu nasprotujejo. Povečan človekov vpliv na segrevanje se je začel z industrijsko revolucijo v 18. stoletju in množično uporabo premoga za poganjanje parnih strojev. Premog so skozi stoletja nadomestila druga fosilna goriva in z globalnim razvojem industrije se je povečal izpust toplogrednih plinov, ki z absorpcijo sončne svetlobe dodatno segrevajo ozračje. Analize IPCC temeljijo na podatkih pridobljeni z merilnimi postajami na Zemlji, s sateliti, preučevanjem usedlin v ledu, itd. Napovedi so povišanje temperature, zviševanje gladin morij in ekstremno vreme, kar bo vodilo v velike globalne družbene spremembe. Kritiki modelu očitajo, da dejansko ni možno določiti temperature v preteklosti (vzorci ledu in biomase so preveč nezanesljivi), da se izmenjujejo hladne in tople dobe, da model ne upošteva gibanja zemeljske osi, sončnih peg, itd. Nasprotujejo trditvi, da so antropogeni vplivi najbolj zaslužni za globalno segrevanje. V zadnjih tisočletjih so se že dogajale velike spremembe, katerim se je človek prilagajal (način življenja, migracije), a za njih ni mogel biti kriv.
Ključne besede: segrevanje Zemlje, toplogredni plini, podnebne spremembe, climategate

Abstract
The temperature of air and surface have been changing throughout history, but in the past years and decades humanity, according to United nations, is facing consequences of global warming. The seminar paper is focused on temperature changes on Earth, research history and measurment of change and on changes between the official IPCC model and arguments of scientists that oppose the model. Increased human footprint on warming started wih the industrial revolution in the 18. century with widespread coal use for powering steam engines. Throughout centuries coal has been replaced by other fossil fuels. With the industrial revolution emissions of greenhouse gases, which by absorbing Sun's heat add to global warming, increased. IPCC analysis are based on data acquired with measurment stations on Earth, satellites, by studying ice cores, and so on. The forecasts are higher temperatures, rising sea levels and extreme weather, which will lead to great global societal change. Critics argue that it is impossible to determine temperature in the past (ice core and biomass samples are not reliable), cold and warm periods have always been exchanging. Models don't include motion of Earths axis, sunspots and so on. They oppose the statement that anthropogical influences are mostly to blame for global warming. In the past thousands of years great changes have occured to which man has adapted (way of life, migration) but was not guilty of.
Key words: warming of Earth, greenhouse gases, climate change, climategate

MRAK Tanja: Vpliv podnebnih sprememb na vodni režim
Mentor: prof. dr. Mitja Brilly
Somentor: doc. dr. Mojca Šraj
zagovor: maj 2016

Povzetek
Seminarska naloga obravnava podnebne spremembe in njihove vplive na vodno okolje. Glavne posledice podnebnih sprememb povezane z vodnimi viri so povišanje temperature vode, spremembe v vzorcih padavin in snežne oddeje, povišanje pogostosti poplav in suš ter možen velik vpliv prihodnjega dviga morske gladine. Spremembe v podnebju se torej posledično odražajo na spremenjenem pretočnem režimu naših rek, slednje pa vpliva tudi na biotop. Pri slovenskih rekah je opazno povečanje jesenskega viška vode in zmanjšanje spomladanskega. Glavne komponenete vodne bilance, ki določajo razpoložljivost vodnih virov, so evapotranspiracija, pretok rek in napajanje podtalnice. Glavni krivec za njihove spremembe so pa spremembe podnebnih parametrov, zlasti temperature in padavin. Trendi pretokov so pomembni kazalci časovne spremenljivosti hidroloških pojavov, saj lahko iz njih sklepamo na spremembe v hidrološkem režimu in na obnašanje v prihodnosti. Podrobneje je opisan operativni monitoring vodne bialnce kmetijskih rastlin in pojav kmetijske suše.
Ključne besede: podnebne spremembe, vodni viri, vodni režim, poplave, suše

Abstract
Seminar deals with climate change and its imacts on water environment. The main implications of climate change related to water resources are increases in water temperature, changes in precipitation patterns and snow cover, increase in frequency of floods and droughts and possible major impact of future sea level rise. Changes in climate consequently reflect the changed flow regime of our rivers, that also has impact on the biotope. In Slovenian rivers is a noticeable increase in autumn excess water and reduce in the spring. The main components of the water balance, which determine the availability of water resources, are evapotranspiration, river flow and groundwater recharge. The main reason for their changes are changes in climate parameters, particularly temperature and precipitation. Trends of flows are important indicators of temporal variability of hydrological phenomena, because we can infer changes in the hydrological regime and the behavior in the future. In detail is described the operational monitoring of the water balance of agricultural crops and agricultural drought phenomenon.
Key words: climate changes, water resources, water regime, floods, droughts

BABNIK JEGLIČ Katja: Vpliv zajezitev in odvzemov voda za potrebe hidroenergije na vodni ekosistem
Mentor: prof. dr. Matjaž Mikoš
Somentor: doc. dr. Nataša Smolar-Žvanut
zagovor: maj 2016

Povzetek
Brez celinskih vodnih ekosistemov si ne moremo predstavljati življenja in razvoja človeške družbe. Ker je v zadnjem obdobju razhajanje med ekonomskimi interesi in varovanjem okolja vse večje, je nujno potrebno poznavanje osnovnih procesov in metabolizma, ki poteka v teh edinstvenih in na velike spremembe zelo občutljivih okoljih. Hidroenergija je dolgo veljala za čist obnovljiv vir energije, ki ne povzroča nobenih emisij toplogrednih plinov in ne obremenjuje ozračja z izgorevanjem fosilnih goriv. Širši pogled na problematiko razkrije, da je že sama gradnja hidroenergetskega objekta velik poseg v okolje, ki z nepremišljenim delovanjem na ekosistemih celinskih voda pušča nepopravljive posledice. Odvzem ali zajezitev vode na vodni ekosistem poteka v treh fazah in sicer spremenjeno premeščanje plavin, spremenjen režim pretoka vode in sprememba fizikalno-kemijskih parametrov. Sledijo spremembe strukture plavin, oblike struge in sprememba v združbi perifitonskih alg in makrofitov. S takimi posegi se zmanjšuje biodiverziteta vodne in obvodne flore ter favne.
Ključne besede: vodni krog, celinski vodni ekosistemi, hidroenergija, zajezitev, odvzem vode, hidrolgija, morfologija, kemijsko-fizikalne spremembe, favna, flora

Abstract
One cannot imagine life and evolution of human society without continental water ecosystems. Since the divergence between economic interests and environment protection is recently growing, it seems essential to understand the basic processes and the metabolism running in these unique settings which are very sensitive to big changes. Hydropower has long been considered as a clean renewable energy source that does not cause any greenhouse gas emissions and does not burden the atmosphere with combustion of fossil fuels. A wider perspective of the issues shows that the construction of a hydroelectric facility already means a massive intervention into the environment which leaves irreparable consequences on the continental water ecosystems due to thoughtless action. Withdrawal or curbing water to an ecosystem takes place in three phases: changed sediments shifting, changed regime of water flow and a change in physic-chemical parameters. This is followed by changes in the sediments structure, forms of the riverbed and a change in the community of periphyton algae and macrophytes. Such interventions reduce the biodiversity of water and waterside flora and fauna.
Key words: water cycle, fresh water ecosystems, hydropower, impoundments, Hydrology, morphology, chemical-physical changes, fauna, flora

BRITOVŠEK Neja: Analiza možnosti ekološke obnove vodnih teles/span>
Mentor: prof. dr. Matjaž Mikoš
zagovor: maj 2016

Povzetek
V preteklosti so ljudje s tehničnimi ukrepi posegali v vodna telesa predvsem za potrebe kmetijstva, širjenja naselij, pridobivanja električne energije in varovanja pred poplavami. Z razvojem betona so mnogi vodotoki postali le še umetni kanali, ki so izgubili vse svoje funkcije. Poleg tega pa so bile poseljene tudi poplavne ravnice in izsušena številna močvirja. Voda nima več prepotrebnega prostora za zadrževanje in ekstremni pojavi, kot sta suša in poplave, so zato zmeraj pogostejši. V novejšem obdobju se vseh posledic preteklih ukrepov zaveda tudi družba, zato se trend gospodarjenja z vodami naglo obrača iz togih tehničnih ukrepov k sonaravnemu urejanju voda. Ključni cilj obnavljanja vodnih teles je vzpostaviti naravno ravnovesje vodotoka in prepustiti kroženju vode bistveno več prostora. S tem bodo dani pogoji za razvoj biotske pestrosti, kar vpliva tudi na samočistilno sposobnost vodotoka. Revitalizacijski ukrepi posnemajo strukturo in funkcijo naravnega vodnega ekosistema in vključujejo izdelavo prodišč, tolmunov, poplavnih ravnic, utrjevanje erodiranih brežin z različnimi sonaravnimi tehnikami itn. Pri sonaravnem urejanju se pojavlja tudi pojem inženirsko bioloških metod, ki se pogosto uporabljajo za stabilizacijo brežin. V primerjavi s klasičnimi tehničnimi ukrepi potrebujejo te metode več časa za doseganje želene stabilizacije, vendar so cenejše in manj zahtevne za gradnjo, predvsem pa povečujejo habitatno, samočistilno in estetsko funkcijo vodotokov. Pri sonaravnem urejanju voda je zelo pomembna uporaba naravnih, tudi živih materialov. V svetu je bilo uspešno obnovljenih že veliko različnih vrst vodnih teles, ki se danes obravnavajo kot primeri dobre prakse urejanja voda. 
Ključne besede: Sonaravno urejanje vodotokov, stabilizacija brežin, revitalizacija, inženirsko biološke metode, dobre prakse urejanja voda

Abstract
In the past, people interfered in bodies of water through technical steps mostly in need for agriculture, settlement expansion, gaining electrical energy and flood protection. With evolution of concrete, many waterways became merely artificial water canals that have lost all their functions. Apart from that, floodplains have become colonized and swamps have dried up. Water no longer has the highly needed space for retention, and extreme natural phenomena such as drought and floods have become more frequent. The society has been aware of the consequences of the past measures, therefore the water management trend is rapidly turning from rigid technical measures towards more natural water management. The key aim of water renewal is to restore natural watercourse balance and essentially give the water circulation more space. This will create conditions for development of biotic diversity which affects also on self-cleaning ability of a watercourse. Revitalisation measures imitate the structure and function of the natural water system, and include composition of gravel pits, pools, floodplains, strengthening of shoreline erosion using different natural techniques etc. In connection to natural management, biological systems engineering methods are often used for stabilisation of shorelines. Compared to classic technical measures these methods require more time to achieve desired stabilisation, however, they are cheaper and less demanding for construction, and above all they increase habitat, self-cleaning and aesthetic function of watercourses. In natural water management use of natural, even living materials is of high importance. Many bodies of water have been successfully restored around the world, and these are nowadays examples of good water management.
Key words: sustainable watercourse management, erosion protection, restoration, bioengineering methods, good practices for water management

MUTAVČIĆ Darko: Negotovost pri modeliranju hidroloških procesov
Mentor: prof. dr. Mitja Brilly
zagovor: april 2016

Povzetek
V praksi hidrologije je nemogoče izmeriti vse, kar bi želeli vedeti o hidrološkem sistemu, predvsem zaradi visoke heterogenosti interesnega območja in omejitev merilnih tehnik. Te omejitve in potrebe za ekstrapolacijo podatkov iz razpoložljivih meritev so sprožili uporabo hidroloških modelov. Vendar pa hidrološki modeli trpijo zaradi negotovosti pri svojih napovedih, kar zmanjšuje uporabnost in zaupanje v takšne modele. V tem pregledu so povzete različne klasifikacije tipov hidroloških modelov in naslovljene so tudi nekatere izmed njihovih prednosti in slabosti, povzeti so tudi nekateri ustaljeni kalibracijski postopki in metode ovrednotenja modelov. Ena izmed teh metod je analiza negotovosti, kateri je posvečeno posebno poglavje, kjer so navedeni viri negotovosti in metode za njihovo oceno.
Ključne besede: hidrološki modeli, umerjanje, ocena negotovosti

Abstract
In practil terms, in hydrology, it is impossible to measure everything we would like to know about the hydrological system, mainly due to high heterogenity of area of interest and the limitations of measurement techniques. These restrictions and the need to extrapolate data information from the available measurements initiated the use of hydrological models. However, hydrological models suffer from uncertainty in their predictions, which reduces usefulness of and confidence in such models. This review summarizes the different classifications of hydrological model types and have addressed some of their advantages and disadvantages, summarized are also some of the established calibration procedures and methods for model evaluation. One of these methods is the uncertainty analysis, to which is dedicated a special section, wherein are listed sources of uncertainty and methods for their evaluation.
Key words: hydrological models, calibration, uncertainty estimation